Skip to main content

USA | "I watched Don Harding's execution in an Arizona gas chamber. His face still haunts me": Lawyer

Arizona's gas chamber
"I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me shortly after inhaling the fumes. It's an image of atrocity that will haunt me for the rest of my life."

Arizona’s announcement that it plans to resume using lethal gas to execute prisoners has forced me to revisit one of the worst experiences of my life.


On April 6, 1992, I witnessed the execution of my client, Don Harding, in Arizona’s gas chamber. His death was slow, painful, degrading and inhumane. It is mind-numbing to think that Arizona is resuming this barbaric practice.


Don Harding’s execution is seared into my memory. Shortly before midnight on April 5, 1992, my fellow witnesses and I were ushered into a chapel near the gas chamber and told to draw numbers. My pick – number one – meant I would enter the witness room first. I stood on the far left side of the small room facing a window with closed blinds.

After we were told the U.S. Supreme Court had denied Don’s final appeals and the execution would proceed, a prison official raised the blinds.

He looked at me in pain and horror


Don was already strapped in a chair facing away from the witness room. His arms and legs were tightly strapped to the chair. He was stripped virtually naked, wearing only a pair of white, diaper-like undershorts, and had an electric monitor attached to his chest.

The indignity of these circumstances turned my stomach. From where I was standing, I could see over Don’s left shoulder, and he could see me when he turned his head.

At a signal from a prison official, I heard a thumping noise. Almost immediately I saw white fumes begin to rise from a metal box on the floor towards Don’s head. The fumes moved more quickly than I expected and as they enveloped Don’s head, he eventually took a quick breath.

A few seconds later, he looked in my direction. His face was red and contorted as if he were attempting to fight through tremendous pain. His mouth was pursed shut and his jaw was clenched tight. Don then took several quick gulps of the fumes.

Don’s body started convulsing violently and his arms strained against the straps. His face and body turned a deep red and the veins in his temple and neck began to bulge until I thought they might explode.

Every few seconds he gulped for air. He was shuddering uncontrollably and his body was wracked with spasms. His head continued to snap back and forth. His hands were tightly clenched.

Gas chamber may be legal, but it's immoral


Several more minutes passed before the most violent of Don’s convulsions subsided. Then the muscles along his left arm and back began twitching in a wavelike motion under his skin. Spittle drooled from his mouth. I couldn’t believe that it was lasting so long. My knees shook so badly I thought I might collapse. Twice, I had to lean against the wall behind me. My heart raced and I thought I would vomit. I wept.

It took 10 minutes and 31 seconds for Don Harding to die. For at least eight of those minutes, he was writhing in agony. I will never forget the look on his face when he turned to me soon after inhaling the fumes. It is an image of atrocity that will haunt me for the rest of my life. 

Nearly 30 years later, I can still see Don’s face.

Arizona now wants to resume this horrid method of execution, using a gas disturbingly like the one the Nazis deployed to murder millions in the Holocaust. Some survivors of the Holocaust are speaking out against this shocking decision.

State officials claim gas is a lawful method of execution despite the risks of a tortuous death. It may be “lawful,” but it is immoral and wrong. And it begs the question of what is lawful.

Every death penalty case involves a terrible and tragic crime, a victim or victims lost to violent death, and grieving family members left behind. But whether and how we choose to carry out executions says more about us than about the condemned prisoner.

We should not allow Arizona to carry out the nihilistic and barbaric atrocity of a gassing.


Source: azcentral.com, Jim Belanger, June 8, 2021. Jim Belanger is a defense lawyer in Tempe. He has represented more than 30 men who faced the death penalty. Don Harding was his only client to have been executed. 


🚩 | Report an error, an omission, a typo; suggest a story or a new angle to an existing story; submit a piece, a comment; recommend a resource; contact the webmaster, contact us: deathpenaltynews@gmail.com.


Opposed to Capital Punishment? Help us keep this blog up and running! DONATE!



"One is absolutely sickened, not by the crimes that the wicked have committed,
but by the punishments that the good have inflicted." -- Oscar Wilde

Most viewed (Last 7 days)

Oklahoma Ends Indefinite Death Row Solitary Confinement

Every year, thousands of prisoners in the U.S. are placed in solitary confinement, where they endure isolation, abuse, and mental suffering . This practice might soon become rarer for some inmates in Oklahoma, thanks to the efforts of activists in the state. Earlier this month, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Oklahoma announced that the Oklahoma State Penitentiary in McAlester had ended the practice of indefinite solitary confinement for "the vast majority" of death row prisoners.

Alabama provides the greatest arguments against the death penalty

I have seen three executions. I hope I never see a fourth. Capital punishment is violence. But the state does all it can to conceal that fact. The viewing areas outside the death chamber are still and silent. Bright light floods the small room where people die. The warden pronouncing the sentence speaks in clipped, measured tones, saying no more than needed. You’re expected to view the act as a bloodless execution of justice.

Man convicted in 1986 murder set to become Florida's second execution of 2026

STARKE, Fla. (DPN) — A man convicted of stabbing and strangling a grocery store owner during a robbery nearly 40 years ago is scheduled to die by lethal injection Tuesday evening, becoming the second person executed in Florida this year. Melvin Trotter, 65, is set to receive a three-drug lethal injection beginning at 6 p.m. at Florida State Prison near Starke. Trotter was convicted of first-degree murder in the 1986 killing of Virgie Langford, 70, who owned Langford’s Grocery Store in Palmetto, in southwest Florida's Manatee County.

‘Come on with it’: Arkansas inmate asks to hasten execution

A Faulkner County judge has scheduled an August hearing to determine whether a death row inmate can bypass his attorney’s advice, drop his remaining appeals, and hasten his execution.  Scotty Ray Gardner, 65, is facing the death penalty for the 2016 killing of his girlfriend, Susan Heather Stubbs, in Conway.  In letters sent to Circuit Judge Chuck Clawson and the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Gardner said he wants to end his legal battles, writing that he is tired of prison life and skeptical he will receive a fair hearing.  “It’s simple,” Gardner wrote in a September letter. “Come on with it.” 

India | POCSO Court awards death penalty to UP couple for sexual exploitation of 33 children

A special court in Uttar Pradesh’s Banda on Friday sentenced a former Junior Engineer (JE) of the Irrigation Department and his wife to death for the sexual exploitation of 33 minor boys — some as young as three — over a decade, officials said. The POCSO court termed the crimes as “rarest of rare” and held Ram Bhawan and his wife Durgawati guilty of systematically abusing children between 2010 and 2020 and producing child sexual abuse material. Convicting the duo under provisions of the Indian Penal Code and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, the court sentenced them to death for offences including aggravated penetrative sexual assault, using a child for pornographic purposes, storage of pornographic material involving children, and abetment and criminal conspiracy, they said.

Death penalty options expanded in proposed Arizona bills

PHOENIX — Arizona lawmakers advanced proposals on Feb. 19, 2026, that would expand execution options for death row inmates to include firing squads and lethal gas, amid ongoing challenges with lethal injection and concerns over carrying out capital sentences. The measures, sponsored by Sen. Kevin Payne, R-Peoria, cleared a Senate committee with a party-line vote. They aim to give condemned inmates more choices while mandating firing squad executions for those convicted of murdering law enforcement officers. Senate Concurrent Resolution 1049 proposes a constitutional amendment that Arizona voters would decide in November. If approved, it would allow defendants sentenced to death to select from three methods: firing squad, lethal injection (intravenous administration of lethal substances) or lethal gas. Lethal injection would remain the default if no choice is made.

Former Florida officer who raped, murdered 11-year-old set to be executed

An execution date has been set for a former Mascotte police officer who, in May 1987, assaulted and murdered an 11-year-old girl.  Gov. Ron DeSantis signed a death warrant for James Aren Duckett on Friday. He’s scheduled to be executed on March 31. It’ll be the state’s 5th execution this year, following a record 19 executions in 2025.  Duckett was convicted in the murder of 11-year-old Teresa McAbee about a year after her death. According to officials, Duckett took the 11-year-old to a lake, where he sexually battered, strangled and drowned her. 

Florida executes Melvin Trotter

The execution of Melvin Trotter for the murder of 70-year-old Virgie Langford in 1986 comes as Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor questions Florida's 'deeply troubling' lethal injection record. Florida has executed its second inmate of the year even as a Supreme Court justice questioned the state's “deeply troubling" record on lethal injections and how it "shrouds its executions in secrecy."  Melvin Trotter, 65, was executed by lethal injection on Tuesday, Feb. 24, for the 1986 murder of 70-year-old Virgie Langford, a mother of 4 who was on the verge of retirement when she was stabbed to death in the corner grocery store that she owned for five decades. Trotter was pronounced dead at 6:15 p.m. ET. 

Florida | Governor DeSantis signs death warrant in 2008 murder case

TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Governor Ron DeSantis has signed a death warrant for Michael L. King, setting an execution date of March 17, 2026, at 6 p.m. King was convicted and sentenced to death for the 2008 kidnapping, sexual battery and murder of Denise Amber Lee, a 21-year-old North Port mother. On January 17, 2008, Michael Lee King abducted 21-year-old Denise Amber Lee from her North Port home by forcing her into his green Chevrolet Camaro. He drove her around while she was bound, including to his cousin's house to borrow tools like a shovel.  King took her to his home, where he sexually battered her, then placed her in the backseat of his car. Later that evening, he drove to a remote area, shot her in the face, and buried her nude body in a shallow grave. Her remains were discovered two days later. During the crime, multiple 9-1-1 calls were made, but communication breakdowns between emergency dispatch centers delayed the response.  The case drew national attention and prompted w...

Sudanese Courts Sentence 2 Women to Death by Stoning for Adultery Despite International Obligations

Two Sudanese women have been sentenced to death by stoning in separate cases in Sudan, raising serious concerns about Sudan’s compliance with its international human rights obligations, particularly following its ratification of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT).