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La chrétienne pakistanaise Asia Bibi demande l’asile à la France

Asia Bibi en octobre 2018. Libérée de prison, elle vit alors près d’Islamabad, sous haute protection. EPA-EFE
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Condamnée à mort dans son pays pour blasphème en 2010 puis acquittée, cette mère de famille, qui vit désormais au Canada, a demandé l'asile politique à la France.

Un mois après l’affaire Mila, une adolescente iséroise victime de harcèlement sur internet après avoir tenu des propos prétendument insultants sur l’islam, le président de la République va recevoir à l’Élysée la chrétienne pakistanaise Asia Bibi, condamnée à mort dans son pays pour blasphème en 2010. 

Acquittée huit ans plus tard, elle avait trouvé refuge au Canada et demande aujourd’hui l’asile en France. 

La mère de famille de presque cinquante ans sera reçue vendredi à l’Élysée. «Comme nous l’avons toujours dit, la France est prête à accueillir Mme Asia Bibi et sa famille si tel est leur souhait, fait savoir la présidence de la République. Depuis sa condamnation en 2010 pour délit de blasphème, la France a été mobilisée au côté d’Asia Bibi. Nous avons plaidé pour son acquittement et agi, avec nos partenaires européens et canadiens, pour sa libération effective.»

Du côté des instances chrétiennes en France, François Clavairoly, président de la Fédération protestante de France, salue «le courage et la ténacité d’Asia Bibi dans un combat de longue haleine» mais tient également à «redire avec force, pour nous-mêmes, combien la liberté de conscience et d’expression est un droit universel». Car, argumente-t-il, «Dieu n’a pas besoin de défenseurs autoproclamés, menaçants et violents.» 

Pour sa part, le père Thierry Magnin, secrétaire général de la Conférence catholique des évêques de France, appuie la demande de droit d’asile: «Asia Bibi a traversé un véritable calvaire, à cause de sa foi chrétienne notamment (…). Il serait juste que notre pays, qui se revendique comme celui des droits de l’homme, accorde le droit d’asile à cette femme qui aspire tout simplement à la liberté pour se reconstruire.»

Deux voies possibles


Un éminent juge de l’asile affirme que la demande de statut de réfugié d’Asia Bibi en France a «toutes les raisons d’aboutir». Soit l' Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides (Ofpra) instruit le dossier que la chrétienne pakistanaise présenterait soit, autre voie plus solennelle, le gouvernement français choisit de recourir à l’article 53-1 de la Constitution.

Depuis une réforme de novembre 1993, votée sous Balladur, «les autorités de la République ont toujours le droit de donner asile à tout étranger persécuté en raison de son action en faveur de la liberté ou qui sollicite la protection de la France pour un autre motif». Sans passer par l’appréciation indépendante de l’Ofpra, donc. 

«Ce serait une protection au titre de combattant de la liberté, au sens du 4e alinéa du préambule de la Constitution de 1946, elle-même intégrée à celle de 1958», précise ce fin juriste. 

La loi fondamentale dispose en effet que «tout homme persécuté en raison de son action en faveur de la liberté a droit d’asile sur les territoires de la République».

Le gouvernement, en pratique, n’a jamais utilisé cette possibilité ouverte depuis 27 ans. En revanche, l’Ofpra et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile (CNDA, instance d’appel) ont pu accorder cette forme d’asile dit «constitutionnel», à raison d’une dizaine de cas par an au maximum.

Si une telle procédure était activée, elle ne manquerait pas de relancer le dossier de Julian Assange. 

La justice britannique examine actuellement une demande d’extradition formulée par les États-Unis, qui veulent le juger sur leur sol pour espionnage. 

Dimanche dernier, Fabien Roussel (PCF) et Jean-Christophe Lagarde (UDI) ont demandé à la France de lui accorder l’asile.

Source: lefigaro.fr, François-Xavier Bourmaud et Jean-Marc Leclerc, 25 février 2020.


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