With the Supreme Court's decision to uphold the death sentences of 4 young Arab men from Ahvaz on charges of "moharebeh" (enmity with God) and "corruption on earth," the prisoners are currently in danger of imminent execution at Karoon Prison in Ahvaz.
The 4 Arab citizens and their families were informed of the Supreme Court's decision on July 10. In an interview with the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, a human rights activist in Ahvaz who is knowledgeable about the case told the Campaign that the 4 men did not have any political activities and the only justification for these charges was a gun found during the search of the home of one of the suspects.
"In the summer of 2009, Intelligence Ministry forces arrested seven young men from the Shadegan neighborhood of Ahvaz. All of these young men were cultural activists and 2 of them, Ghazi Abbasi and Abdolreza Khanafareh, are poets who held poetry reading gatherings in Shadegan. The youngest individual among them is 26 and the oldest is 33. They did not have any political activities and were not related to political organizations outside or inside Iran," Karim Dahimi, an Ahvazi human rights activist who currently lives outside Iran, told the Campaign.
The residents arrested from Ahvaz's Shadegan neighborhood include Ghazi Abbasi, now 31, Abdolreza Amir Khanafareh, now 26, Abdolamir Majdami, now 33, and Jassem Moghaddam, now 28.
In April 2012, Branch One of Ahvaz Revolutionary Court under Judge Ali Farhadvand sentenced the 4 men to death on charges of "moharebeh [enmity with God] and corruption on earth through armed confrontation." Branch 32 of the Supreme Court under Judge Reza Farajollahi upheld the ruling on February 13, 2013. The prisoners were only informed of the Supreme Court's decision on July 10, 5 months later.
According to the ruling, 3 other suspects in the case, Hadi Albokhnafar Nejad, Sami Jadmavi Nejad, and Shahab Abbasi, were sentenced to exile in Ardebil. None of the 7 men had prior criminal records.
Regarding the charges the Ahvazi men face, Karim Dahimi told the Campaign, "Their only activities were peaceful protests against confiscation of agricultural land for use for regime projects, which took place in Shadegan a few years ago. But the court accused them of moharebeh and corruption on earth through armed uprising and acting against national security and establishing an anti-revolutionary organization, which does not even exist and the suspects have denied in court."
"All suspects refuted and denied their charges in Branch One, but the judge told them that it's normal for suspects to deny their charges, and he did not pay any attention to the defense offered by their lawyers," he added.
"They only found 1 gun during the search of 1 of the suspects' home, and this was used as justification for such accusations against them. Owning a hunting rifle at home is a normal thing for our region. We use guns in our wedding ceremonies and our funeral services. Our region was also involved in an 8-year war and it is normal for guns to exist around here".
Ali Motayari, a Khuzestan Province arms expert, has said that no bullets from that gun have been shot to any government organizations or military units, no one has been murdered by that gun, and the arms expert's report was included in the defense of the suspects and their lawyers. However, the Intelligence interrogators pressured the court to replace the expert with someone else who would testify that the gun had been used," the source told the Campaign.
In recent days, the Campaign has received a copy of a letter from the four prisoners on death row, written in Arabic, in which they speak of their torture and the way they were forced to confess, and ask human rights activists to help stop their execution. "After 3 years in a state of limbo inside the Intelligence Ministry detention centers, our trial court was convened in 2012. In all, it didn't last more than 2.5 hours and without being able to defend ourselves, we were sentenced to death on charges of armed actions, enmity with God, and corruption on earth," the prisoners say in a part of their letter.
"I, Ghazi Abbasi, a resident of Fallahieh [Shadegan], was arrested on August 23, 2009. During my 11 months inside the Intelligence Office Detention Center, I was charged with numerous charges. I was subjected to various physical and psychological tortures during this time, and scars of this torture remain on my body to this day," said Ghazi Abbasi, 1 of the 4 prisoners on death row.
"During this time, and for 2 whole years, I was deprived of any type of contact or visits with my family. In order to create psychological pressure for me, they arrested my brothers. One of them, my brother Shahab, a conscript, was brought to the Intelligence Detention Center, where he suffered various illnesses and psychological problems, and they later transferred him to Sepidar Prison. They used different torture methods on me and my brother, and even with all the despicable torture methods the Intelligence Office used on us, they were unable to force me to accept the accusations leveled against me," Ghazi Abbasi wrote in another part of the letter.
"About 4 years since our arrest, our trial was like a Hitchcock thriller that lasted only 1 hour. We refused our charges and they did not ask us to provide any explanations [defense], but most regrettably, they issued the rulings unfairly, sentencing me and 3 of my friends to death, and my brother Shahb and some young people to faraway places," he wrote.
Source: Iran Human Rights, July 27, 2013
Iranian mothers appeal for clemency for sons
Before the ink is even dry on the confirmation of Hassan Rouhani as the new president of Iran, the Islamic Republic continues to carry out barbaric and meaningless executions.
In a joint letter to the people of the world, the mothers of 4 Arab minority youths, inmates in Shadegan prison on death row, have requested that the people of the world do all they can to force the Iranian government to stop the execution of their sons. The following are excerpts from their letter:
"After 4 years of crying, last week we received news of the death warrants confirmed for our young sons: Ghazi Abasi, born in 1982; Abdolreza Amir Khanav, born in 1987; Abdolamir Majdami, born in 1980; and Jasem Mogaddam Payam, born in 1985. They were charged as "combatant" and "corrupt on earth," and received the death sentence.
"From the time of their arrest until the day of their formal court hearing, without any knowledge of their location, our sons have suffered severe physical and psychological torture at the Ahwaz Security Office. They were forced to admit to fabricated charges, written in a language different from their own.
"With this letter, we request the urgent assistance of all men and women in the world, to prevent the execution of our sons. We are grateful for your assistance."
Jamshid Ahmadi, assistant general Secretary of the British-based solidarity organization CODIR, Committee for Defence of the Iranian People's Rights, condemned the regime's decision to go ahead with these executions, stating:
"By threatening to execute these four innocent young people the Iranian regime is sending the wrong signal both to the Iranian people and to world public opinion. This comes just 10 days before the inauguration of the new president, Rouhani. Iran holds the world record for the number of executions taking place in the country. The new president should add Iran to the list of countries where the death penalty is abolished."
Source: Committee for Defence of Iranian People's Rights, July 27, 2013
Halt Execution of Arab Minority Men; 4 Ahwazi Arabs Sentenced to Hang After Unfair Trials
Iran's judiciary should stop the executions of four members of Iran's Ahwazi Arab minority because of grave violations of due process, Amnesty International, the Iran Human Rights Documentation Center, and Human Rights Watch said today. The judiciary should order a new trial according to international fair trial standards in which the death penalty is not an option. Family members and Ahwazi Arab rights activists have told human rights groups that the detainees contacted their families on July 16, 2013 and said they feared that authorities were planning to carry out the execution orders any day now.
According to information gathered by the rights groups, authorities kept the defendants, including 3 others who have received unfair prison sentences, in incommunicado pretrial detention for months. The authorities denied them access to a lawyer and harassed and detained their family members. The trial suffered from procedural irregularities and the convictions were based on "confessions" that defendants said had been obtained by torture. There is no record the trial court investigated their torture allegations.
"The absence of lawyers at key stages in the proceedings and the credible allegations of coerced 'confessions' cast strong doubts on the legitimacy of the Ahwazi Arabs' trial, let alone the death sentences," said Tamara Alrifai, Middle East advocacy director at Human Rights Watch. "The fact that the government has an appalling rights record against Iran's Ahwazi Arab minority only makes the case for the need for a fair trial stronger."
The court sentenced Ghazi Abbasi, Abdul-Reza Amir-Khanafereh, Abdul-Amir Mojaddami, and Jasim Moghaddam Payam to death for the vaguely-defined "crimes" of moharebeh ("enmity against God") and ifsad fil-arz ("corruption on earth"). These charges related to a series of shootings that allegedly led to the death of a police officer and a soldier. The court sentenced 3 other defendants - Shahab Abbasi, Sami Jadmavinejad, and Hadi Albokhanfarnejad - to 3 years in prison in the northwestern city of Ardebil for lower-level involvement in the shootings. The lower court issued its judgment a week after a trial that lasted approximately 2 hours, said letters to Ahwazi Arab rights groups allegedly written by the defendants.
Security and intelligence forces have targeted Arab activists since April 2005 after reports that Iran's government planned to disperse Ahwazi Arabs from the area and to attempt to make them lose their identity as Ahwazi Arabs.
The Iranian authorities have executed dozens of people since the disputed 2009 presidential election, many of them from ethnic minorities, for alleged ties to armed or "terrorist" groups. Following unrest in Khuzestan in April 2011, the human rights groups received unconfirmed reports of up to 9 executions of members of the Arab minority. In June 2012, a further 4 were executed and reports suggest that 5 were executed in April 2013.
Branch 1 of the Revolutionary Court of Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan province, issued the sentences on August 15, 2012. Branch 32 of Iran's Supreme Court affirmed the sentences in February 2013. Revolutionary courts are authorized to try cases classified by the judiciary as pertinent to political and national security matters. Their trials take place behind closed doors, and revolutionary court prosecutors and judges are allowed, under longstanding legislation, extraordinary, discretionary powers, especially during the pretrial investigation phase, to limit or effectively prevent the involvement of defense lawyers.
The revolutionary court's judgment, a copy of which the human rights groups reviewed, said the court convicted the seven men for the vaguely-defined "crimes" of moharebeh ("enmity against God") and ifsad fil-arz ("corruption on earth"). The court found that the defendants had established a "separatist ethnic" group that "used weapons and engaged in shooting in order to create fear and panic and disrupt public security."
None of the defendants had a prior criminal record, the judgment says. All 7 are residents of Shadegan (also known as Fallahiya in Arabic), approximately 100 kilometers south of Ahvaz.
In several of the letters, the writers said that security and intelligence forces had held the 7 men in incommunicado detention for months, subjected them and their family members to detention and ill-treatment to secure "confessions", and tried them simultaneously in one session that lasted less than 2 hours. The letters said that none of the 6 lawyers present had an opportunity to present an adequate defense of their clients.
In one letter, the defendant alleges that despite the lack of evidence, intelligence agents pressed the revolutionary court to convict the men of moharebeh and ifsad fel-arz and to sentence them to death. In another letter, the defendants allege that none were questioned during pretrial interrogations about the supposed armed group - Kita'eb Al-Ahrar to which authorities say they belong, even though their alleged membership was used by the judiciary as the basis for their death sentences.
In a defense pleading criticizing the lower court's ruling, a copy of which the rights groups reviewed, one of the lawyers criticizes the lower court's ruling on several grounds, including the court's failure to look into the defendants' allegations that their "confessions" were extracted under torture.
The rights groups could not independently verify the authenticity of the letters or the defense pleading.
A former detainee who spoke to the human rights groups on condition of anonymity said that for about two weeks in 2011 he was in the same ward of Karun prison as the four men sentenced to death. He said that both Amir-Khanafereh and Ghazi Abbasi told him that during their time at the Intelligence Ministry detention facility in Ahvaz agents blindfolded them, strapped them to a bed on their stomachs, and beat them with cables on their backs and feet to get them to confess to using firearms.
The source also said that he observed black marks around the legs and ankles of Amir-Khanafereh and Abbasi, and that the 2 said the marks were caused by an electric shock device used at the Intelligence Ministry detention facility. The source said he had seen similar black marks on the legs of other Arab activists during his time in Karun prison. The former detainee said that Amir-Khanafereh and Abbasi told him that they were not allowed any visits and were held incommunicado by Intelligence Ministry officials for months.
The judgment, which primarily relied on the alleged "confessions" of the defendants and circumstantial evidence, stated that the members of this group were involved, among other things, in several shootings at police officers and their property, and that the shootings led to the deaths of at least 2 officers.
The Supreme Court judgment, a copy of which the rights groups reviewed, affirmed the lower court's ruling and identified the victims as a police officer, Behrouz Taghavi, shot and killed in front of a bank on February 26, 2009, and Habib Jadhani, a conscripted soldier, who was shot and killed in spring 2008. Both the lower court and Supreme Court judgements acknowledge that some of the defendants retracted their confessions at trial saying they were extracted under physical and psychological torture, but refused to acknowledge the validity of those retractions. There is no record of any investigation by either court into the allegations of torture.
Under articles 183and 190-91of Iran's penal code, anyone found to have used "weapons to cause terror and fear or breach public security and freedom" may be convicted of moharebeh or ifsad fil-arz. Punishment for these charges includes execution by hanging.
"Considering putting to death the 4 Ahwazis after a fundamentally flawed trial during which basic safeguards such as rights of defense were blatantly disregarded and allegations of torture and ill-treatment dismissed is abhorrent," said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, deputy director of Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa Program. "At the very least, the defendants should be granted a new trial and the ability to properly defend themselves in court. Anything less would risk that these men be executed for a crime they may very well have not committed."
Article 38 of the Iranian Constitution prohibits all forms of torture "for the purpose of obtaining confessions." The Penal Code also provides for the punishment of officials who torture citizens to obtain confessions. Despite these legal and constitutional guarantees regarding confessions under duress, "confessions" are sometimes broadcast on television even before a trial has concluded and are generally accepted as evidence in Iranian courts. Such broadcasts violate Iran's fair trial obligations, including the presumption of innocence under article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which it is a state party.
The ICCPR fair trial provisions also require Iran to guarantee that all defendants should have adequate time and facilities to prepare their defense and to communicate with counsel of their own choosing. The UN Human Rights Committee has said that: "In cases of trials leading to the imposition of the death penalty scrupulous respect of the guarantees of fair trial is particularly important."
Since June 14, the date of the recent presidential and local elections, unofficial and official sources have reported at least 71 executions. In 2012, Iran was one of the world's foremost executioners, with more than 500 prisoners hanged either in prisons or in public.
"4 men are facing the gallows after a judge brushed aside their statement that their confessions were coerced," said Gissou Nia, Executive Director of the Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. "At the very least, they deserve a fair trial and an impartial investigation of the abuse they say was used to force them to confess."
Source: Human Rights Watch, July 26, 2013