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La peine de mort selon Saint François Mitterrand

François Mitterrand
L’élection présidentielle de 1981

La campagne officielle n’avait pas encore commencé mais les différents candidats étaient déjà "en place". Il y en avait dix. (...)

L’émission "Cartes sur table" sur Antenne 2 (...) invitait le lundi 16 mars 1981 dans la soirée l’un des deux principaux candidats, François Mitterrand. (...)

L’atmosphère de l’émission était à la fois sobre (les décors étaient noirs et le public était silencieux) et intimiste : les trois intervenants étant très près l’un des autres. (...)

L’émission se terminait. Le générique allait être lancé. Après une courte hésitation, [le journaliste] Alain Duhamel s’est jeté à l’eau et a posé à François Mitterrand la fameuse question sur la peine de mort.

Cette question de la peine de mort revenait souvent depuis plusieurs années. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing et son Ministre de la Justice Alain Peyrefitte y étaient défavorables mais se refusaient à l’abolir dans les circonstances de l’époque faites d’insécurité.

Une fois n’était pas coutume, François Mitterrand avait été clair et franc : « Pas plus sur cette question que sur les autres je ne cacherai ma pensée. Et je n'ai pas du tout l'intention de mener ce combat à la face du pays en faisant semblant d'être ce que je ne suis pas. Dans ma conscience profonde, qui rejoint celle des églises, l'église catholique, les églises réformées, la religion juive, la totalité des grandes associations humanitaires, internationales et nationales, dans ma conscience, dans le for de ma conscience, je suis contre la peine de mort. ».

Il ne cachait pas les sondages qui étaient hostiles à cette prise de position : « Et je n'ai pas besoin de lire les sondages, qui disent le contraire, une opinion majoritaire est pour la peine de mort. Eh bien moi, je suis candidat à la présidence de la République et je demande une majorité de suffrages aux Français et je ne la demande pas dans le secret de ma pensée. Je dis ce que je pense, ce à quoi j'adhère, ce à quoi je crois, ce à quoi se rattachent mes adhésions spirituelles, ma croyance, mon souci de la civilisation, je ne suis pas favorable à la peine de mort. ». (...)

François Mitterrand fut investi quatrième Président de la Ve République le 21 mai 1981. (...)

Au cours d’une session extraordinaire, le 17 septembre 1981, le Ministre de la Justice Robert Badinter entama la discussion parlementaire par ces mots émouvants : « J’ai l’honneur au nom du gouvernement de la République de demander à l’Assemblée Nationale l’abolition de la peine de mort en France. ».

Robert Badinter
Et il termina son plaidoyer ainsi : « Demain, grâce à vous, la justice française ne sera plus une justice qui tue. Demain, grâce à vous, il n’y aura plus, pour notre honte commune, d’exécutions furtives, à l’aube, sous le dais noir, dans les prisons françaises. Demain, les pages sanglantes de notre justice seront tournées. À cet instant plus qu’à aucun autre, j’ai le sentiment d’assumer mon ministère au sens ancien, au sens noble, le plus noble qui soit, c’est-à-dire au sens de service. Demain, vous voterez l’abolition de la peine de mort. Législateur français, de tout mon cœur, je vous en remercie. ».

L’abolition de la peine de mort fut votée le 18 septembre 1981 à l’Assemblée Nationale par 369 voix (...) contre 113.

La polémique récemment initiée par la publication du livre "François Mitterrand et la guerre d’Algérie" (de Benjamin Stora et François Malye, éd. Calmann-Lévy, 2010) pourrait remettre en cause la sincérité de François Mitterrand. Il aurait en effet demandé la plus grande sévérité contre des terroristes du FLN lorsqu’il était Ministre de la Justice dans le gouvernement de Guy Mollet. Quarante-cinq personnes auraient été guillotinées alors que François Mitterrand avait recommandé au Président René Coty de ne pas user de son droit de grâce. (...)

Robert Badinter a expliqué en février 2011 que François Mitterrand n’était pas contre la peine de mort dans les années 1950 comme la plupart des hommes politiques de cette époque mais que son évolution personnelle l’a fait changer sincèrement d’idée dans les années 1970.


Source: agoravox, Sylvain Rakotoarison, March 16, 2011
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